4.4 Article

The independent prospective associations of activity intensity and dietary energy density with adiposity in young adolescents

Journal

BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
Volume 115, Issue 5, Pages 921-929

Publisher

CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114515005097

Keywords

Physical activity; Sedentary behaviours; Dietary energy density; Adiposity; Prospective cohort studies; Epidemiology; Children and adolescents

Funding

  1. National Prevention Research Initiative
  2. British Heart Foundation
  3. Cancer Research UK
  4. Department of Health
  5. Diabetes UK
  6. Economic and Social Research Council
  7. MRC [MC_UU_12015/3, MC_UU_12015/4, MC_UU_12015/7, U105960389]
  8. Health and Social Care Research and Development Office for the Northern Ireland
  9. Chief Scientist Office, Scottish Government Health Directorates
  10. Welsh Assembly Government
  11. World Cancer Research Fund
  12. Centre for Diet and Activity Research, a UK Clinical Research Collaboration (UKCRC) Public Health Research: Centre of Excellence
  13. National Institute for Health Research
  14. Wellcome Trust under UKCRC
  15. ESRC [ES/G007462/1] Funding Source: UKRI
  16. MRC [MC_U106179473, MC_U105960389, MC_U106179474, MC_UU_12015/3, MC_UU_12015/7, G0501294, MC_UU_12015/4, MC_UP_1001/2, MR/K023187/1] Funding Source: UKRI
  17. Economic and Social Research Council [ES/G007462/1] Funding Source: researchfish
  18. Medical Research Council [MR/K023187/1, MC_U105960389, MC_U106179474, G0501294, MC_UU_12015/3, MC_UP_1001/2, MC_U106179473, MC_UU_12015/7, MC_UU_12015/4] Funding Source: researchfish

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There is limited evidence on the prospective association of time spent in activity intensity (sedentary (SED), moderate (MPA) or vigorous (VPA) physical activity) and dietary intake with adiposity indicators in young people. This study aimed to assess associations between (1) baseline objectively measured activity intensity, dietary energy density (DED) and 4-year change in adiposity and (2) 4-year change in activity intensity/ DED and adiposity at follow-up. We conducted cohort analyses including 367 participants (10 years at baseline, 14 years at follow-up) with valid data for objectively measured activity (Actigraph), DED (4-d food diary), anthropometry (waist circumference (WC), % body fat (% BF), fat mass index (FMI), weight status) and covariates. Linear and logistic regression models were fit, including adjustment for DED and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Results showed that baseline DED was associated with change in WC (beta for 1 kJ/g difference: 0 71; 95% CI 0.26, 1.17), particularly in boys (1.26; 95% CI 0.41, 2.16 v. girls: 0.26; 95% CI -0.34, 0.87), but not with % BF, FMI or weight status. In contrast, baseline SED, MPA or VPA were not associated with any of the outcomes. Change in DED was negatively associated with FMI (beta for 1 kJ/g increase: -0.86; 95% CI -1.59, -0.12) and % BF (-0.86; 95% CI -1.25, -0.11) but not WC (-0.27; 95% CI -1.02, 0.48). Change in SED, MPA and VPA did not predict adiposity at follow-up. In conclusion, activity intensity was not prospectively associated with adiposity, whereas the directions of associations with DED were inconsistent. To inform public health efforts, future studies should continue to analyse longitudinal data to further understand the independent role of different energy-balance behaviours in changes in adiposity in early adolescence.

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