Neopterin levels and Kyn/Trp ratios were significantly increased in dengue virus patients and subsequently decreased after recovery

Objectives: During dengue fever, a pronounced gamma-interferon immune response produces neopterin and promotes tryptophan degradation by the enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1). Activated IDO-1 is indicated by an increased kynurenine to tryptophan ratio (Kyn/Trp) in patients. Methods: Plasma levels of neopterin, kynurenine, and tryptophan were measured in 72 hospitalized dengue virus (DENV) patients and 100 healthy individuals. Plasma levels of neopterin, kynurenine, and tryptophan were also measured prospectively in a second cohort of 13 DENV patients; on the day of hospitalization, on day 2-3 at discharge, and 7-10 days after discharge. DENV RNA positivity was determined by qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Results: DENV RNA-positive patients presented significantly higher levels of neopterin (mean 36.5 nmol/l) and Kyn/Trp ratios (mean 102 mu mol/mmol) compared to DENV RNA-negative individuals. A significant correlation between neopterin levels and Kyn/Trp ratios was observed in both DENV RNA-positive (Spearman's rho = 0.37, p < 0.01) and DENV RNA-negative (Spearman's rho = 0.89, p < 0.001) patients. Kyn/Trp ratios were negatively correlated with platelet counts (Spearman's rho = -0.43, p < 0.01) and positively correlated with liver enzymes: AST (Spearman's rho = 0.68, p < 0.01) and ALT (Spearman's rho = 0.51, p < 0.05). In addition, the follow-up data presented a significant decrease in neopterin levels and Kyn/Trp ratios within 10 days after hospital entry. Conclusions: Neopterin levels and Kyn/Trp ratios were significantly increased in DENV patients and subsequently decreased after recovery. (c) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).