Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
Volume 45, Issue 50, Pages 26445-26457Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.11.149
Keywords
Zirconia/ceria; Levulinic acid; gamma-valerolactone; Hydrogenation-cyclization; Acido-basic sites
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Funding
- Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah [DF-650-130-1441]
- DSR
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The production of high-value renewable fuel and industrial feedstocks from low-value carbon sources is an ongoing scientific challenge. Herein we synthesized bifunctional ZrxCe1-xO2 with different zirconia/ceria (Zr:Ce) ratios ranging from 1 <= x <= 0, were deposition with Cu content and characterized various spectroscopic techniques. Their catalytic performance was investigated in the hydrogenation-cyclization of levulinic acid (LA) to gamma-valerolactone (GVL) in a fixed bed reactor operating at 0.5 MPa, here hydrogen source is formic acid that showed a tremendous interest in the chemical industry. From catalysts characterizations demonstrated that achieve porous structure, enhanced support surface area and increased surface acido-basic sites which should be influenced by the proper zirconia content incorporated into cerium lattice. Interestingly the catalytic performance of different copper loaded catalysts was examined and 3Cu/Zr-0.8-Ge-0.2 showed the highest LA conversion of 88.5% and maximum GVL selectivity to 94.2%. The catalyst stability, reusability and structure-activity relation were also described. (C) 2019 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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