Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY
Volume 50, Issue 3, Pages 195-208Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2019.11.008
Keywords
Manila clam; Perkinsosis; In vitro challenge; Gene expression; Hemocytes; Host-parasite interaction
Categories
Funding
- Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad of the Spanish Government [AGL2011-30449-C02-01, AGL2012-37981]
- European Regional Development Funds (FEDER 2007-2013)
- Regional Government of Galicia, Xunta de Galicia, Spain [ED431C 2018/28, ED431D 2017/21]
- Centro de Supercomputacion de Galicia (CESGA)
- EXPERTS III Consortium of the European Community Mobility Programme Erasmus Mundus Action 2, Strand 1(EMA2)
- Conselleria do Mar da Xunta de Galicia
- BBSRC [BBS/E/D/20002173] Funding Source: UKRI
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The Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) is the bivalve species with the highest global production from both fisheries and aquaculture, but its production is seriously threatened by perkinsosis, a disease caused by the protozoan parasite Perkinsus olseni. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying R. philippinarum-P. olseni interactions, we analysed the gene expression profiles of in vitro challenged clam hemocytes and P. olseni trophozoites, using two oligo-microarray platforms, one previously validated for R. philippinarum hemocytes and a new one developed and validated in this study for P. olseni. Manila clam hemocytes were in vitro challenged with trophozoites, zoospores, and extracellular products from P. olseni in vitro cultures, while P. olseni trophozoites were in vitro challenged with Manila clam plasma along the same time-series (1 h, 8 h, and 24 h). The hemocytes showed a fast activation of the innate immune response, particularly associated with hemocyte recruitment, in the three types of challenges. Nevertheless, different immune-related pathways were activated in response to the different parasite stages, suggesting specific recognition mechanisms. Furthermore, the analyses provided useful complementary data to previous in vivo challenges, and confirmed the potential of some proposed biomarkers. The combined analysis of gene expression in host and parasite identified several processes in both the clam and P. olseni, such as redox and glucose metabolism, protease activity, apoptosis and iron metabolism, whose modulation suggests cross-talk between parasite and host. This information might be critical to determine the outcome of the infection, thus highlighting potential therapeutic targets. Altogether, the results of this study aid understanding the response and interaction between R. philippinarum and P. olseni, and will contribute to developing effective control strategies for this threatening parasitosis. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Australian Society for Parasitology.
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