Anti-tumor immune response varies among individuals: A gene expression profiling of mouse melanoma

Melanoma is amongst the most aggressive malignant tumors. The purpose of this study is to detect the tumor microenvironment systematically using multi-omits analyses and to propose strategies for precision medicine. Multiple factors of tumor microenvironment contribute to the drug resistance and immune surveillance failure. Here we analyzed genome mutations and characterized the immune state of tumor microenvironments in mouse melanoma by whole exome sequencing (WES) and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) approaches. Somatic mutation analysis revealed 35.1% novel mutations in mouse tumors when compared with B16F10 cell line, provided a basis for multi-site sequencing for accurate neoantigen selection. Mutation cluster, gene expression comparison, and gene ontology (GO) analyses by R packages proved DNA repair damage, inflammation, slower cell division, and metabolic change in tumor microenvironment. Further analyses of T-cell receptor (TCR) sequences, immune signaling pathway activation, tumor infiltrated immune cells and chemokine expression revealed extensive difference of antitumor immune response among individuals. Our study revealed the characteristics of tumor microenvironment with mouse melanoma model, suggested the need of comprehensive genome mutations and personal immune state analyses for cancer precision medicine.