Adjusting forwarder nodes and duty cycle using packet aggregation routing for body sensor networks

In the body sensor networks (BSNs), the data redundancy and transmission delay are two problems for improving network performance. In the previous scheme, multi-sensor fusion is used to reduce the energy consumption of the sensor network, but it causes larger delay. To reduce the amount of redundant data and transmission delay, an adjusting forwarder nodes and duty cycle using packet aggregation routing (AFNDCAR) scheme is proposed for BSNs. The main contributions of the AFNDCAR scheme are as follows: (a) nodes select forwarder nodes based on the higher energy consumption, longer queue length of packets and waiting time of packets aggregation to reduce the transmission delay. (b) In the dense network, the number of forwarder nodes and the probability for generating data packets are adjusted to minimize the transmission delay and maximum the packet transmission success ratio. (c) In the sparse network, the duty cycle of nodes can be adjusted using the energy left of nodes. The theoretical analysis show that the amount of redundancy data, the transmission delay and energy efficiency of nodes improved significantly.