Journal
IMMUNOLOGY AND ALLERGY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
Volume 40, Issue 2, Pages 303-+Publisher
W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2019.12.005
Keywords
Macrolides; Doxycycline; Chronic; Sinusitis; Rhinosinusitis; Polyps; Immunomodulation
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Antibiotic therapy has become an important adjunct in the management of recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) because of some antibiotics' immunomodulatory properties even at subtherapeutic antimicrobial levels. Macrolide antibiotics, such as clarithromycin and azithromycin, decrease production of proinflammatory cytokines, impair neutrophil recruitment, inhibit bacterial biofilm formation, and improve mucus quality. Doxycycline, a tetracycline antibiotic, inhibits the activity of matrix metalloproteinases in CRS with nasal polyposis. This article reviews the clinical applications for macrolide and doxycycline use in CRS, considerations for dosing and duration of treatment, and important side effects and drug interactions associated with these medications.
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