Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
Volume 67, Issue 3, Pages 905-914Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TBME.2019.2923587
Keywords
Estimation; Electrocardiography; Morphology; Biomedical engineering; Heart rate; Principal component analysis; Rhythm; Respiratory rate; ECG-derived respiration; atrial fibrillation; f-wave suppression
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Funding
- AEI [DPI2016-75458-R]
- FEDER
- Gobierno de Aragon [LMP44-18, T39-17R]
- European Union [745755]
- CIBER from the European Regional Development Fund
- [RTI2018-097723-B-I00]
- Marie Curie Actions (MSCA) [745755] Funding Source: Marie Curie Actions (MSCA)
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Objective: The present study addresses the problem of estimating the respiratory rate from the morphological ECG variations in the presence of atrial fibrillatory waves (f-waves). The significance of performing f-wave suppression before respiratory rate estimation is investigated. Methods: The performance of a novel approach to ECG-derived respiration, named slope range (SR) and designed particularly for operation in atrial fibrillation (AF), is compared to that of two well-known methods based on either R-wave angle (RA) or QRS loop rotation angle (LA). A novel rule is proposed for spectral peak selection in respiratory rate estimation. The suppression of f-waves is accomplished using signal- and noise-dependent QRS weighted averaging. The performance evaluation embraces real as well as simulated ECG signals acquired from patients with persistent AF; the estimation error of the respiratory rate is determined for both types of signals. Results: Using real ECG signals and reference respiratory signals, rate estimation without f-wave suppression resulted in a median error of 0.015 +/- 0.021 Hz and 0.019 +/- 0.025 Hz for SR and RA, respectively, whereas LA with f-wave suppression resulted in 0.034 +/- 0.039 Hz. Using simulated signals, the results also demonstrate that f-wave suppression is superfluous for SR and RA, whereas it is essential for LA. Conclusion: The results show that SR offers the best performance as well as computational simplicity since f-wave suppression is not needed. Significance: The respiratory rate can be robustly estimated from the ECG in the presence of AF.
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