Journal
IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS
Volume 55, Issue 2, Pages 219-232Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/JSSC.2019.2953828
Keywords
Delta-sigma modulation; energy detection; ranging; secure wireless; time-of-flight (TOF); transceiver; ultra-wideband (UWB); VWB
Categories
Funding
- NSFC [61774092]
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This article describes a pulse-based transceiver architecture for mobile authentication with location verification. A time-of-flight (TOF) measurement method is employed as a physical layer countermeasure against relay attack. For bandwidth-efficient pulse transmission with enhanced link margin, frequency-hopping very-wideband (VWB) pulse generation is used. A noncoherent energy detection receiver is designed for TOF-based ranging to have demodulation with low power and low latency. The position of an energy integration window is automatically tracked for both pulse-position modulation (PPM) synchronization and coarse ranging. A Delta Sigma energy detection method is proposed to convert ranging information to a 1-bit digital output without requiring asynchronous edge detection (ED). A prototype 6.5-8. 1-GHz VWB transceiver is implemented in 65-nm CMOS. Three channels are realized by having a channel bandwidth of about 400 MHz with a tunable guard band between two adjacent channels. The transceiver achieves the ranging accuracy of 2.0 cm and the demodulation latency of 20 ns, consuming 6.0 mW with a sensitivity of -69 dBm at 5 Mb/s.
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