Phase II-like murine trial identifies synergy between dexamethasone and dasatinib in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is frequently characterized by glucocorticoid (GC) resistance, which is associated with inferior outcomes, thus highlighting the need for novel therapeutic approaches for GC-resistant T-ALL. The pre-T-cell receptor (pTCR)/TCR signaling pathways play a critical role in cell fate decisions during physiological thymocyte development, with an interplay between TCR and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling determining the T-lymphocyte selection process. We performed an shRNA screen in vitro and in vivo in T-ALL cell lines and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) samples to identify vulnerabilities in the pTCR/TCR pathway and identified a critical role for the lymphocyte cell-specific kinase (LCK) in cell proliferation. LCK knockdown or inhibition with dasatinib (DAS) caused cell cycle arrest. Combination of DAS with dexamethasone (DEX) resulted in significant drug synergy leading to cell death. The efficacy of this drug combination was underscored in a randomized phase II-like murine trial, recapitulating an early phase human clinical trial. T-ALL expansion in immunocompromised mice was significantly impaired using this drug combination, compared to mice receiving control vehicle or single drug treatment, highlighting the immediate clinical relevance of this drug combination for high-risk T-ALL patients. Our results thus provide a strategy to improve the efficacy of current chemotherapy platforms and circumvent GC resistance.

Automated summary

The study identified the critical role of LCK in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cell proliferation, with combination therapy of LCK inhibition with dasatinib (DAS) leading to cell death, which was enhanced by dexamethasone (DEX). These findings provide a strategy to improve the efficacy of current chemotherapy and overcome glucocorticoid resistance in high-risk T-ALL patients.