Journal
BRIEFINGS IN BIOINFORMATICS
Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 9-27Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbv114
Keywords
long non-coding RNA; bioinformatics; algorithms; databases
Funding
- JSPS
- JST CREST
- PRESTO, JST
- JSPS KAKENHI [24300054, 26-381]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [14J00381, 16H02868] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Since the completion of the Human Genome Project, it has been widely established that most DNA is not transcribed into proteins. These non-protein-coding regions are believed to be moderators within transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes, which play key roles in the onset of diseases. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are generally lacking in conserved motifs typically used for detection and thus hard to identify, but nonetheless present certain characteristic features that can be exploited by bioinformatics methods. By combining lncRNA detection with known miRNA, RNA-binding protein and chromatin interaction, current tools are able to recognize and functionally annotate large number of lncRNAs. This review discusses databases and platforms dedicated to cataloging and annotating lncRNAs, as well as tools geared at discovering novel sequences. We emphasize the issues posed by the diversity of lncRNAs and their complex interaction mechanisms, as well as technical issues such as lack of unified nomenclature. We hope that this wide overview of existing platforms and databases might help guide biologists toward the tools they need to analyze their experimental data, while our discussion of limitations and of current lncRNA-related methods may assist in the development of new computational tools.
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