4.7 Article

Dietary Glycyrrhiza uralensis extracts supplementation elevated growth performance, immune responses and disease resistance against Flavobacterium columnare in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)

Journal

FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 97, Issue -, Pages 153-164

Publisher

ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.048

Keywords

Disease resistance; Mucosal integrity; Pro-inflammatory immune response; TLR-NF kappa B signaling; Plant extracts; Glycyrrhiza uralensis; Flavobacterium columnare; Pelteobagrus fulvidmco

Funding

  1. National Key R. AMP
  2. D. Program of China [2018YFD0900400]
  3. Open Fund of Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture [ZJK201811]
  4. Guangdong South China Sea Key Laboratory of Aquaculture for Aquatic Economic Animals in Guangdong Ocean University [KFKT2019YB10]

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The present study was conducted to evaluate the influence of Glycyrrhiza uralensis (G. uralensis) extracts on the growth performance, histological structure, immune response and disease resistance against Flavobacterium columnare (F. columnare) of yellow catfish. Fish were fed with two different diets, i.e., basal diet as control group (CG) and diet containing G. uralensis extracts as experimental group (GG). After 60 days feeding, growth performance of GG fish was significantly improved, with increased WG and SGR but decreased FCR compared to CG fish. Fish were then challenged with F. columnare for two times, as fish showed rare mortality after the first infection. GG fish showed significantly lower cumulative mortality during F. cloumnare infection than CG fish after 21 days infection (dpi). Epithelial cell exfoliation and obvious cellular vacuolization in the skin and congestion of gill lamellae were detected in CG fish, while GG fish showed increased width of epidermis and mucous cells number in skin, and increased length of secondary lamina in gill. GG fish also exhibited higher enzyme activity of lysozyme in serum and mRNA expression of lysozyme in head kidney than CG fish at most time points post infection. G. uralensis extracts supplementation also induced earlier serum anti-oxidative responses, with increased superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant capacity in GG fish at 1 dpi. Compared to CG fish, GG fish showed increased expression level of genes involved in TLRs-NF kappa B signaling (TLR2, TLR3, TLR5, TLR9, Myd88, and p65NF kappa B), resulting in higher expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (II-1 beta and IL-8) in the head kidney post infection. However, these genes showed deviation in the gill of GG fish, which increased at some time points but decreased at other time points. Moreover, G. uralensis extracts supplementation also significantly unregulated the expression levels of IgM and IgD in head kidney, and the expression levels of IgM in the gill of yellow catfish, suggesting the elevated humoral immune response during F. columnare infection. All these results contributed to the elevated disease resistance ability against F. cloumnare infection of yellow catfish after dietary G. uralensis extracts supplementation.

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