Journal
EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS
Volume 60, Issue 2, Pages 249-263Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11340-019-00553-9
Keywords
Digital image correlation; Pattern induced bias; Intensity discretization bias; Pattern induced errors; Uncertainty quantification
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Funding
- Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories
- U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-NA0003525]
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Digital image correlation (DIC) is an optical metrology method widely used in experimental mechanics for full-field shape, displacement and strain measurements. The required strain resolution for engineering applications of interest mandates DIC to have a high image displacement matching accuracy, on the order of 1/100th of a pixel, which necessitates an understanding of DIC errors. In this paper, we examine two spatial bias terms that have been almost completely overlooked. They cause a persistent offset in the matching of image intensities and thus corrupt DIC results. We name them pattern-induced bias (PIB), and intensity discretization bias (IDB). We show that the PIB error occurs in the presence of an undermatched shape function and is primarily dictated by the underlying intensity pattern for a fixed displacement field and DIC settings. The IDB error is due to the quantization of the gray level intensity values in the digital camera. In this paper we demonstrate these errors and quantify their magnitudes both experimentally and with synthetic images.
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