Journal
EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY
Volume 29, Issue 4, Pages 436-445Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/exd.14072
Keywords
AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK); inflammasome; ketone bodies; mammalian target of rapamycin; signal transducer and activator of transcription
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Funding
- Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education [KNOW 35p/10/2015]
- National Institutes of Health [1P20 GM121288-02]
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Development and progression of melanoma can be accelerated by intensification of particular metabolic pathways, such as aerobic glycolysis and avid amino acid catabolism, and is accompanied by aberrant immune responses within the tumor microenvironment. Contrary to other cancer types, melanoma reveals some unique tissue-specific features, such as melanogenesis, which is intertwined with metabolism. Nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) take part in regulation of systemic and cellular metabolism, inflammation and melanogenesis. They appear as a focal regulatory point for these three distinct processes by occupying the intersection among AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and PPAR gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1 alpha) signalling pathways. When deregulated, they may accelerate melanoma malignant growth. Presenting the contribution of PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma in melanoma biology, we attempt to ask how two contrasting metabolic states: obesity and fasting, can change progression of the disease and possible outcome of the treatment. This short essay is aimed to provoke a discussion about some practical implications for melanoma prevention and treatment, especially: how metabolic manipulation may be exploited to overcome immunosuppression and support immune checkpoint blockade efficacy.
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