Delivered antigen peptides to resident CD8α+ DCs in lymph node by micelle-based vaccine augment antigen-specific CD8+ effector T cell response

Although nanoparticle vaccine is one of the promising therapeutic vaccines against cancers and many chronic infections, induction of strong and long-lasting antigen specific T cell response has still remained many challenges. A major challenge in achieving a robust CD8(+) T cell response is the requirement of spatio-temporal orchestration of antigen cross-presentation in dendritic cells with innate stimulation. CD8 alpha(+) DCs are specialized for cross presentation and critical for cytotoxic T cell responses, which locate in the deeper paracortex of lymph nodes (LNs) in mice. However, due to size exclusion of compartmentalized network in LNs, nanoparticles with a radius of larger than 5 nm are difficult to access to the CD8 alpha(+) DCs. Here, we showed that polyethylene glycol-phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-PE) micelles had an extensive contact with the resident CD8 alpha(+) DCs in LNs and delivered more OVA peptides than their free form to these DCs. Meanwhile, successfully delivering antigens into the CD8 alpha(+) DCs resulted in the increased cross presentation of antigens and the enhanced generation of effector CD8(+) T cell. Our findings further demonstrated the critical role of CD8 alpha(+) DCs in cytotoxic T cell immunity in response to PEG-PE micelle-based vaccine, and also provided a valuable approach to generate T cell-mediated immune response.