Journal
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 50, Issue 3, Pages 445-458Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948190
Keywords
adalimumab; CD4(+) T cells; CyTOF; interleukin-10; TNF inhibitor
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Funding
- Versus Arthritis [21139]
- King's Bioscience Institute
- Guy's and St. Thomas' Charity Prize PhD program in Biomedical and Translational Science
- IMI JU [115142-2]
- Department of Health via the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) award
- King's College London
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
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TNF-blockade has shown clear therapeutic value in rheumatoid arthritis and other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, however its mechanism of action is not fully elucidated. We investigated the effects of TNF-blockade on CD4(+) T cell activation, maturation, and proliferation, and assessed whether TNF-inhibitors confer regulatory potential to CD4(+) T cells. CyTOF and flow cytometry analysis revealed that in vitro treatment of human CD4(+) T cells with the anti-TNF monoclonal antibody adalimumab promoted IL-10 expression in CD4(+) T cells, whilst decreasing cellular activation. In line with this, analysis of gene expression profiling datasets of anti-TNF-treated IL-17 or IFN-gamma-producing CD4(+) T cells revealed changes in multiple pathways associated with cell cycle and proliferation. Kinetics experiments showed that anti-TNF treatment led to delayed, rather than impaired T-cell activation and maturation. Whilst anti-TNF-treated CD4(+) T cells displayed some hyporesponsiveness upon restimulation, they did not acquire enhanced capacity to suppress T-cell responses or modulate monocyte phenotype. These cells however displayed a reduced ability to induce IL-6 and IL-8 production by synovial fibroblasts. Together, these data indicate that anti-TNF treatment delays human CD4(+) T-cell activation, maturation, and proliferation, and this reduced activation state may impair their ability to activate stromal cells.
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