Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
Volume 27, Issue 10, Pages 11093-11104Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07495-8
Keywords
BTEX; Traffic intersection points; Ozone formation potential; Health risk assessment; Delhi
Categories
Funding
- CouncilofScientific and Industrial Research, India [JRF] Funding Source: Medline
- University Grants Commission [UPoE] Funding Source: Medline
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The present study was carried out to observe the variation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) namely benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene isomers (BTEX) at three different sites of Delhi, during 2016-2017. Four hourly sampling was carried out day and night separately. Results showed that BTEX concentration was highest in post-monsoon and lowest in monsoon season. Again, daily variation shows that benzene (47%) and toluene (35%) were more during night than day when it was 44% and 33% respectively. Mean concentration of BTEX was observed in following order: ethylbenzene ~ o-xylene < m,p-xylene < toluene < benzene, while overall seasonal variation was observed as follows: post-monsoon > summer > winter > monsoon. Possible emission sources of BTEX were also established through corresponding ratios of individual compounds. Xylene isomers together accounted highest ozone formation potential. The risk assessments of BTEX were carried out in terms of non-cancer (the hazard quotient, HQ) and cancer (the incremental lifetime cancer risk, ILCR) regarding the inhalation exposure only. It was observed that benzene and xylene isomers possessed higher HQs than ethylbenzene and toluene at all sites throughout the study. Again, benzene was found with higher mean ILCR (3.58 x 10(-5)) than ethylbenzene (1.47 x 10(-5)).
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