Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Volume 54, Issue 5, Pages 2869-2877Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06213
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21707064]
- National Key R&D Program of China [2016YFC0402806, 2018YFC0406504]
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control [2017B030301012]
- Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee [JCYJ20180302180205159, KQTD2016022619584022]
- Southern University of Science and Technology [G01296001]
- Leading Talents of Guangdong Province Program (Chunmiao Zheng)
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Bisphenol S (BPS), an alternative for bisphenol A (BPA) that is present in thermal paper and numerous consumer products, has been linked to estrogenic, cytotoxic, genotoxic, neurotoxic, and immunotoxic responses. However, the mechanisms of BPS toxicity remain poorly understood. Here, following exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100 mu g/L BPS, transcriptional changes evaluated by enriched gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) predicted cardiac disease and impairment of immune function in zebrafish at the embryo-to-larvae stage. Consistent with impacts predicted by transcriptional changes, significant sublethal impacts were observed ranging from reduced heart rate [8.7 +/- 2.4% reductions at 100 mu g/L BPS treatment; P < 0.05] to abnormal cardiac morphology [atrial/ventricle area significantly increased; 36.2 +/- 9.6% at 100 mu g/L BPS treatment; P < 0.05]. RNA-sequencing analysis results also indicated changes in nitric oxide synthetase (NOS2) and interleukin 12 (IL12) after BPS treatment, which was confirmed at the protein level. Increased expression of other cytokine genes was observed in larvae, suggesting inflammatory responses may be contributing to cardiac impairment by BPS. BPS caused cardiotoxicity, which temporally corresponded with inflammatory responses as predicted from RNA sequencing and confirmed at the protein and cellular levels of biological organization. Additional study is needed to find causal linkages between these responses.
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