A review of emissions reduction technologies for low and medium speed marine Diesel engines and their potential for waste heat recovery

Reducing emissions from internal combustion engines is becoming one of the most important tasks for engine manufactures and transport regulatory organizations. In particular, the marine transportation sector is one of the most polluting, due to the intense maritime activity and the use of low-quality fuels, burned in Heavy Duty Diesel Engines, for ship propulsion and auxiliary power generation. In order to reduce the global shipping environmental impact, the IMO (International Maritime Organization) is restricting NO and SO ships' emissions through the introduction of the IMO Tier III legislation, which requires to consider a wide spectrum of emissions reduction technologies and strategies, which are going to have an impact on the engine performance and fuel consumption. In this work, the main solutions being currently developed or adopted for low and medium speed Diesel engines have been reviewed from a qualitative, and sometimes quantitative, point of view, but, in comparison to previous literature, focusing more on their potential with respect to possible waste heat recovery systems utilization, such as, in particular, steam Rankine cycles and Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC). Indeed, even though many of the considered emissions mitigation technologies lead to a certain amount of penalty in fuel economy, the use of waste heat recovery systems to recover wasted engines energy could become interesting in order to develop more efficient but, at the same time, cleaner engines.