Optimal energy management for multi-microgrid considering demand response programs: A stochastic multi-objective framework

This paper presents a cooperative multi-objective optimization for the networked microgrids energy management. We introduce the Independence Performance Index (IPI) for the MGs to reduce energy exchange with the main grid. The system losses, voltage drop, and greenhouse gas emissions are improved when the independence of MMG is increased. Besides, the MMG operator seeks to reduce its total daily costs. For this reason, MGs can participate in Demand Response Programs (DRPs). MGs have two types of loads, namely flexible and inflexible loads. The flexible loads can response to price signals and participate in the DR Programs. The uncertainty of renewable generation is modeled as a stochastic optimization that a scenario generation and reduction decision-making method is employed. This stochastic multi-objective optimization is solved by Compromised Program (CP) method that is used to combine non-homogeneous objective functions. This technique converts the original multi-objective problem into a single-objective problem. The proposed model is tested on a standard case study for two different conditions. The simulation results show the proposed model improves CO2 emission about 13.4 and 9.2% in the case studies. Besides, the proposed model brings 17 and 11.7% improvements for the independence of MMG in the case studies. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.