Toxicokinetics and bioaccumulation characteristics of bisphenol analogues in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Toxicokinetics and bioconcentration of eight common bisphenol analogues, including bisphenol A (BPA), -B, -C, -E, -S, -Z, -AF, and -AP in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were investigated. Both free (BPfree) and total forms (BPtotal) of the bisphenols were measured in various fish tissues. The conjugated forms of bisphenols were calculated based on BPfree and BPtotal. The calculated bioconcentration factors (BCFs) based on the total bisphenols (BPtotal) in the carp whole body were in the range of 0.3-320, agreeing with previous field results from Taihu Lake, China. The elimination rate constant (k(e)) positively correlated with the fraction of conjugated form (f(conjugated)), which displayed negative correlation with their log K-ow (r = -0.861, p < 0.05), indicating that conjugation facilitated their elimination and those with higher hydrophobicity were more difficult to be eliminated. Except BPA, the concentrations of all bisphenols in the carp tissues were in the order of kidney > liver >> muscle. The uptake rate constants (k(u)) in kidney (r = 0.836, p < 0.05) and in liver (r = 0.863, p < 0.05) displayed significantly positive correlations with BCFs, and k(u) in kidney was greater than in liver except BPA. These results indicated that kidney and liver played important roles in accumulating bisphenols in carp, and kidney made more contribution than liver for most bisphenols. Biliary excretion predominated for elimination of most bisphenols while BPA and BPS were mainly through urinary excretion.