Lunar deep materials observed by Chang'e-4 rover

China's Chang'e-4 spacecraft achieved the first ever soft-landing within the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin on the farside of the Moon. The Chang'e-4 rover, named Yutu-2, made in-situ spectral observations on lunar regolith and a rock fragment at 11 locations during a nominal three-month mission period. The lunar regolith has a relative high olivine/pyroxene ratio, with the pyroxene being chiefly Mg-rich Low-Ca pyroxene (LCP). The rock fragment has a similar Mg-rich composition to that of the regolith. According to the surrounding topographic and geologic context, though originating from the lower base of a differentiated melt pool cannot be excluded here, the rover observed regolith and rock fragment are very likely to be lunar mantle materials excavated from nearby Finsen crater. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.