Journal
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
Volume 194, Issue -, Pages 172-178Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.018
Keywords
Oil palm empty fruit bunches; Acid/alkaline pretreatment; Lignin extraction; Characterization; Biorefineries
Funding
- Organization of American States (OEA)
- CAPES
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Lignin is an important raw material for the sustainable biorefineries and also the forerunner of high-value added products, such as biocomposite for chemical, pharmaceutical and cement industries. Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) were used for lignin preparation by successive treatment with 1% (w/w) H2SO4 at 121 degrees C for 60 min and 2.5% NaOH at 121 degrees C for 80 min resulting in the high lignin yield of 28.89%, corresponding to 68.82% of the original lignin. The lignin obtained was characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The results indicated a lignin with molecular masses ramping from 4500 kDa to 12,580 kDa. FTIR and NMR of these lignins showed more syringyl and p-hydroxyphenyl than guaiacyl units. Moderate acid/alkaline treatment provided lignin with high industrial potential and acid hydrolyzates rich in fermentable sugars and highly porous cellulosic fibers. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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