Journal
CURRENT TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 20, Issue 1, Pages 37-56Publisher
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD
DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666191224141617
Keywords
Type 2 diabetes; Sulfonylurea; Glinide; Pancreatic cells; Insulin; Secretion; Safety; Side effects
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Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex progressive endocrine disease characterized by hyperglycemia and life-threatening complications. It is the most common disorder of pancreatic cell function that causes insulin deficiency. Sulfonylurea is a class of oral hypoglycemic drugs. Over the past half century, these drugs, together with the subsequent non-sulfonylureas (glinides), have been the main oral drugs for insulin secretion. Objective: Through in-depth study, the medical profession considers it as an important drug for improving blood sugar control. Methods: The mechanism, characteristics, efficacy and side effects of sulfonylureas and glinides were reviewed in detail. Results: Sulfonylureas and glinides not only stimulated the release of insulin from pancreatic cells, but also had many extrapanular hypoglycemic effect, such as reducing the clearance rate of insulin in liver, reducing the secretion of glucagon, and enhancing the sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Sulfonylureas and glinides are effective first-line drugs for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Although they have the risk of hypoglycemia, weight gain and cardiovascular disease, their clinical practicability and safety can be guaranteed as long as they are reasonably used.
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