Journal
CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROLOGY
Volume 32, Issue 6, Pages 907-916Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000756
Keywords
brain metastases; immunotherapy; melanoma; radiation necrosis; vasogenic edema
Categories
Funding
- National Institute of Health [K24CA172123, R01 CA227473, P50 CA121974]
- National Cancer Institute [R01CA204002]
- American Cancer Society [130157-RSG-16-216-01-TBG]
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Purpose of review Median survival after the diagnosis of brain metastases has historically been on the order of months. With the recent development of immune checkpoint inhibitors, intracranial activity and durable responses have been observed in brain metastases on multiple phase 2 clinical trials, which have primarily been conducted in patients with melanoma. Immune-related adverse events related to checkpoint inhibitor therapy of brain metastasis can present unique challenges for the clinician and underscore the need for a multidisciplinary team in the care of these patients. The goal of this review is to address the current knowledge, limitations of understanding, and future directions in research regarding immune therapy trials and neurologic toxicities based on retrospective, prospective, and case studies. Recent findings Immune therapy has the potential to exacerbate symptomatic edema and increase the risk of radiation necrosis in previously irradiated lesions. Neurologic toxicities will likely increase in prevalence as more patients with brain metastatic disease are eligible for immune therapy. Summary An improved understanding and heightened awareness of the unique neurologic toxicities that impact this patient group is vital for mitigating treatment-related morbidity and mortality.
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