Journal
CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS
Volume 20, Issue 1, Pages 102-105Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2019.10.013
Keywords
Perovskite oxide; Rare-earth nickelate; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Metal-to-insulator transition
Funding
- Research Fund of University of Ulsan
- National Research Council of Science & Technology (NST), Republic of Korea [C030321] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
- National Research Foundation of Korea [21A20131100002] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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We demonstrate a practical way to identify the presence of a perovskite phase in rare-earth nickelates (RNiO3) using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). By varying the calcination temperature, we prepared RNiO3 powders with different degrees of chemical reaction. We found that perovskite RNiO3 becomes predominant after high-temperature calcination (>= 1,000 degrees C) in X-ray diffraction and XPS (at Ni 3p and O 1s edges) measurements. While the observed spectra at the Ni 3p edge are similar for all powders, a sizable difference was observed in the O 1s-edge spectra depending on the calcination temperature. With the formation of a perovskite phase with a trivalent Ni3+ state, an XPS peak corresponding to oxygen ions in the perovskite lattice distinctly emerges. Our work shows that the Ni3+ state cannot be determined by analyzing the Ni3+ edge solely and rather, the O is edge should be simultaneously monitored for explicit identification.
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