The chemistry, recent advancements and activity descriptors for macrocycles based electrocatalysts in oxygen reduction reaction

The oxygen reduction response (ORR) shows sluggish kinetics on cathode surface, which welcomes a noteworthy commitment to the efficiency loss of the fuel cell devices. The advancements in the designing and developments of the competent electrocatalysts for ORR suggest that the macrocycles is the class of versatile materials for the rapid ORR. The hypothetical investigations and trial results specify that the ORR activity of MN4-macrocycles (M = Mn, Fe and Co) can be regulated by directing its M-II/III formal potential through proper substitution on the macrocyclic framework and metal center. In this work, we tended to the principal dialog beginning from the fundamental chemistry of fuel cell, ORR, macrocycles, dioxygen, and metal-dioxygen (M-O-2) bond communication, as the establishment of this survey. At that point, the emphasis on the comprehensive designs and developments on current macrocycles-based nanocomposites for ORR and the molecular understanding of macrocycles-based ORR descriptors, was considered as the core of this survey. The significance of this survey lies in objective planning the electrocatalysts beginning from the most essential normal for the electronic auxiliary designing to an increasingly reasonable dimension of nanofabrication. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier B.V.