Journal
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
Volume 182, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107671
Keywords
Alkali-activated cement (AAC); Geopolymer; Metakaolin; Efflorescence; Leaching
Funding
- Australian Research Council
- DECRA project [DE/170/101070]
- CNPq (Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development) [458597/2014-7, PQ2017 303753/2017-0, 305530/2017-8]
- CAPES
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK) [EP/P013171/1]
- [SWE 203750/2017-9]
- EPSRC [EP/P013171/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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The efflorescence formation in metakaolin-based geopolymers is assessed in this study to provide a better understanding of the effect of the synthesis parameters. Efflorescence formation depends on the physical and chemical properties of geopolymers as well as the environmental exposure conditions. In this study a set of fifteen geopolymers were synthesized using different formulation. An accelerated test of efflorescence development is presented, where the grade of degradation was evaluated by visual observation and correlated to leaching potential, physical properties and microstructural features. The use of soluble silicate in the activator provides a denser and a less permeable matrix. This makes the extraction of free alkalis to the surface more difficult, reducing the extent of alkali leaching and therefore efflorescence. The use of K+ is also effective to reduce visible efflorescence. The efflorescence formation is predicted by the properties of the gel formed which are dependent on the mix proportioning.
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