Enhanced flashing light effect with up- down chute baffles to improve microalgal growth in a raceway pond

Novel up-down chute baffles that sequentially generate clockwise and anticlockwise liquid vortexes were developed to increase vertical liquid velocity between the bottom dark area and the top light area in a raceway pond. The vertical liquid velocity, mixing time, and mass transfer coefficient were measured as functions of paddlewheel speed and air aeration rate by using a particle imaging velocimeter, pH probes, and dissolved oxygen probes. The up-down chute baffles decreased the liquid mixing time and increased the mass transfer coefficient by 41% and 25%, respectively. Besides, the vertical liquid velocity increased from similar to 0.5 cm/s to similar to 6.1 cm/s. As a result, the dark-light cycle period was reduced to 1/12. This enhanced flashing light effect with up-down chute baffles increased biomass yield by 32.6% in the same raceway pond. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.