Journal
CHEMOSPHERE
Volume 243, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125440
Keywords
Fine and quasi-ultrafine particles; Organic extractable matter; Physicochemical characteristics; Toxicity; Metabolic activation; Genotoxicity
Categories
Funding
- Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission of the National Council for Scientific Research of Lebanon
- Unite de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant [UCEIV-EA4492]
- IMPacts de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Sante [IMPECSEA4483]
- Hauts-de-France Region Council
- French Ministry of Higher Education and Research
- European Regional Development Funds
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To date no study has been able to clearly attribute the observed toxicological effects of atmospheric particles (PM) to a specific class of components. The toxicity of both the organic extractable matter (OEM2.5-0.3) and non-extractable matter (NEM2.5-0.3) of fine particles (PM2.5-0.3) was compared to that of PM2.5-0.3 in its entirety on normal human epithelial bronchial BEAS-2B cells in culture. The specific effect of the quasi-ultrafine fraction (PM0.3) was assessed, by comparing the responses of cells exposed to the PM2.5-0.3 and PM0.3 organic extractable matter, OEM2.5-0.3 and OEM0.3 respectively. Chemically, PAH, O-PAH, and N-PAH were respectively 43, 17, and 4 times more concentrated in PM0.3 than in PM2.5-0.3, suggesting thereby a predominant influence of anthropogenic activities and combustion sources. BEAS-2B cells exposed to PM2.5-0.3, NEM2.5-0.3, EOM2.5-0.3 and OEM0.3 lead to different profiles of expression of selected genes and proteins involved in the metabolic activation of PAH, O-PAH, and N-PAH, and in the genotoxicity pathways. Specifically, OEM0.3 was the most inducer for phase I and phase II enzymes implicated in the metabolic activation of PAH (AHR, AHRR, ARM, CYP1A1, CYP1B1, EPHX-I, GSTA-4) thereby producing the highest DNA damage, felt by ATR and, thereafter, a cascade of protein phosphorylation (CHK1/CHK2/MDM2) closely related to the cell cycle arrest (P21 and P53 induction). This study underlined the crucial role played by the organic chemicals present in PM0.3. These results should be considered in any future study looking for the main chemical determinants responsible for the toxicity of ambient fine PM. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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