4.7 Article

Application of biochar and its composites in catalysis

Journal

CHEMOSPHERE
Volume 240, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124842

Keywords

Biochar; Catalyst; Environmental persistent free radicals; Environmental application

Funding

  1. National Key Research and Development Project of China [2018YFB0605100]
  2. National Natural Science Foundation of China [41807363, 31670516, 31470552]
  3. Hebei Outstanding Youth Science Foundation [D2019202453]
  4. Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Safe-product [18nybcdhj5]
  5. Key Project Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin [18JCZDJC39800]
  6. Science and Technology Project of Tianjin, China [18ZXSZSF00040, 18KPXMSF00080, 18PTZWHZ00010]

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With a wide range of raw materials, low cost and large specific surface area, biochar has been widely used in environmental remediation. However, the biochar has a saturated adsorption capacity when it is used as a pollutant adsorbent. Recent efforts have been made to prepare biochar and biochar-based catalysts with enhanced catalytic properties to expand their potential applications. The environmental persistent free radicals (EPFRs) of biochar could react with O-2 to induce hydroxyl radicals (center dot OH) without the addition of oxidants. When oxidants were added, biochar and biochar-based catalysts could activate them to generate center dot OH and sulfate radicals (SO4 center dot-), respectively. Moreover, biochar could act as an electron acceptor to improve the photodegradation capacity of catalysts. With reference to the information regarding biochar and biochar-based catalysts, this work provides a critical review on recent research development as follows: 1) the preparations of various types of biochar and biochar-based catalysts are summarized; 2) the effects of the synthetic conditions and transition metals on the catalytic activity of biochar-based catalysts are discussed; (3) methods for characterizing the active sites of the biochar-based catalysts are described; and (4) the environmental applications of biochar and biochar-based catalysts are discussed with regards to three aspects based on the interaction mechanisms, namely, oxidation, reduction, and photocatalysis. The synthesis conditions and loading of metal/metal-free catalyst are key parameters controlling the catalysis activity of biochar and biochar-based catalysts. This review provides new insights into the application of biochar in catalysis. Key challenges and further research directions are proposed as well. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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