A Low-Temperature Molecular Precursor Approach to Copper-Based Nano-Sized Digenite Mineral for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction

In the urge of designing noble metal-free and sustainable electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), herein, a mineral Digenite Cu9S5 has been prepared from a molecular copper(I) precursor, [{(PyHS)(2)Cu-I(PyHS)}(2)](OTf)(2) (1), and utilized as an anode material in electrocatalytic OER for the first time. A hot injection of 1 yielded a pure phase and highly crystalline Cu9S5, which was then electrophoretically deposited (EPD) on a highly conducting nickel foam (NF) substrate. When assessed as an electrode for OER, the Cu9S5/NF displayed an overpotential of merely 298 +/- 3 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm(-2) in alkaline media. The overpotential recorded here supersedes the value obtained for the best reported Cu-based as well as the benchmark precious-metal-based RuO2 and IrO2 electrocatalysts. In addition, the choronoamperometric OER indicated the superior stability of Cu9S5/NF, rendering its suitability as the sustainable anode material for practical feasibility. The excellent catalytic activity of Cu9S5 can be attributed to the formation of a crystalline CuO overlayer on the conductive Cu9S5 that behaves as active species to facilitate OER. This study delivers a distinct molecular precursor approach to produce highly active copper-based catalysts that could be used as an efficient and durable OER electro(pre)catalysts relying on non-precious metals.