Visible-light-driven sonophotocatalysis and peroxymonosulfate activation over 3D urchin-like MoS2/C nanoparticles for accelerating levofloxacin elimination: Optimization and kinetic study

Solar response catalysts designed, sustainable wastewater-purification technology developed, possesses huge advantage in resolving the global issue of scarcity of drinkable water availably. In this work, a smart 3D core-shell urchin-like MoS2/carbon photocatalyst was developed with special hollow interior and the internal carbon layer embedding, which could largely enhance the electrical conductivity of MoS2, accelerate the electron transfer efficiency, and provide more active sites The effect of the pollutant concentration, the initial pH, coexisting anions, peroxymonosulfate (PMS) dose and ultrasonic intensity are carried out to explore the performance of sonophotocatalytic coupling system for levofloxacin degradation under visible light irradiation. Following the optimized condition, the MoS2/C catalyst presented excellent degradation rate (0.0702 min(-1)) in PMS activated sonophotocatalytic system (synergy index reaching to 2.6). The active radical trapping, degradation intermediates and possible catalytic mechanism were investigated and proposed, respectively. Based on these results, the unique development, fabrication, core/shell strategy, and high-efficiency coupling approach would motivate new models of wastewater treatment technologies.