Global stability and optimal control analysis of a foot-and-mouth disease model with vaccine failure and environmental transmission

A mathematical model for the transmission dynamics of foot-and-mouth disease that incorporates direct and indirect disease transmission pathways as well as vaccine failure and culling clinically infected animals is developed, analyzed and simulated. The basic reproduction number of the model is determined and qualitatively used to investigate the global stability of the model steady states. Meanwhile, optimal control theory is applied to the proposed model to identify optimal vaccination and culling strategies that can lead to effective control of the disease. Using data from literature, illustrations were performed to support analytical findings. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.