Journal
CELLULAR MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 22, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13156
Keywords
endosymbiosis; male killing; Spaid; Spiroplasma
Categories
Funding
- H2020 European Research Council [339970]
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Forderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung [CRSII3_154396]
- European Research Council (ERC) [339970] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
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Spiroplasma poulsonii is a vertically transmitted endosymbiont of Drosophila melanogaster that causes male-killing, that is the death of infected male embryos during embryogenesis. Here, we report a natural variant of S. poulsonii that is efficiently vertically transmitted yet does not selectively kill males, but kills rather a subset of all embryos regardless of their sex, a phenotype we call 'blind-killing'. We show that the natural plasmid of S. poulsonii has an altered structure: Spaid, the gene coding for the male-killing toxin, is deleted in the blind-killing strain, confirming its function as a male-killing factor. Then we further investigate several hypotheses that could explain the sex-independent toxicity of this new strain on host embryos. As the second non-male-killing variant isolated from a male-killing original population, this new strain raises questions on how male-killing is maintained or lost in fly populations. As a natural knock-out of Spaid, which is unachievable yet by genetic engineering approaches, this variant also represents a valuable tool for further investigations on the male-killing mechanism.
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