Journal
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
Volume 77, Issue 14, Pages 2751-2769Publisher
SPRINGER BASEL AG
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03453-7
Keywords
Infection; Atherosclerosis; Toll-like receptors; Chlamydia pneumoniae; Porphyromonas gingivalis
Categories
Funding
- National Key R&D Program of China [2018YFC1312200]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81820108010, 81571119, 81771249]
- National Research Foundation for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China [20120142110068]
- New Century Excellent Talents in University [NCET-10-0406]
- Major refractory diseases pilot project of clinical collaboration with Chinese and Western Medicine [SATCM-20180339]
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Atherosclerotic vascular disease (ASVD) is a chronic process, with a progressive course over many years, but it can cause acute clinical events, including acute coronary syndromes (ACS), myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. In addition to a series of typical risk factors for atherosclerosis, like hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking and obesity, emerging evidence suggests that atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, suggesting that chronic infection plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the most characteristic members of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which play an important role in innate immune mechanism. TLRs play different roles in different stages of infection of atherosclerosis-related pathogens such as Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae), periodontal pathogens including Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Overall, activation of TLR2 and 4 seems to have a profound impact on infection-related atherosclerosis. This article reviews the role of TLRs in the process of atherosclerosis after C. pneumoniae and other infections and the current status of treatment, with a view to providing a new direction and potential therapeutic targets for the study of ASVD.
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