Journal
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
Volume 116, Issue 10, Pages 1767-1778Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz322
Keywords
NADPH oxidase 4; Nox4; Exercise; Voluntary running; Endothelial function; Vascular function
Categories
Funding
- German Cardiac Society (DGK)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [MO 1695/4-1]
- Excellence Initiative by the German Federal and State Governments [3-2, F-03661-553-41B-1250000]
- Else Kroner-FreseniusStiftung [2010_A105]
- German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (Professorship of Vascular Endothelium)
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Aims Physical activity is one of the most potent strategies to prevent endothelial dysfunction. Recent evidence suggests vaso-protective properties of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) produced by main endothelial NADPH oxidase isoform 4 (Nox4) in the vasculature. Therefore, we hypothesized that Nox4 connects physical activity with vaso-protective effects. Methods and results Analysis of the endothelial function using Mulvany Myograph showed endothelial dysfunction in wild-type (WT) as well as in C57BL/6J/ Nox4(-/-) (Nox4-/-) mice after 20 weeks on high-fat diet (HFD). Access to running wheels during the HFD prevented endothelial dysfunction in WT but not in Nox4(-/-) mice. Mechanistically, exercise led to an increased H2O2 release in the aorta of WT mice with increased phosphorylation of eNOS pathway member AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1). Both H2O2 release and phosphorylation of AKT1 were diminished in aortas of Nox4(-/-) mice. Deletion of Nox4 also resulted in lower intracellular calcium release proven by reduced phenylephrine-mediated contraction, whilst potassium-induced contraction was not affected. H2O2 scavenger catalase reduced phenylephrine-induced contraction in WT mice. Supplementing H2O2 increased phenylephrineinduced contraction in Nox4(-/-) mice. Exercise-induced peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha (Ppargc1a), as key regulator of mitochondria biogenesis in WT but not Nox4(-/-) mice. Furthermore, exercise-induced citrate synthase activity and mitochondria mass were reduced in the absence of Nox4. Thus, Nox4(-/-) mice became less active and ran less compared with WT mice. Conclusions Nox4 derived H2O2 plays a key role in exercise-induced adaptations of eNOS and Ppargc1a pathway and intracellular calcium release. Hence, loss of Nox4 diminished physical activity performance and vascular protective effects of exercise. [GRAPHICS] .
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