Journal
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 66, Issue 6, Pages 389-399Publisher
CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING
DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2020-0004
Keywords
Bacteroides fragilis; alpha-humulene; antibiofilm; antibacterial; efflux pump genes
Categories
Funding
- Soonchunhyang University Research Fund
- Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education [NRF-2017R1D1A1B03 032960]
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The rapid increase in antibiotic resistance has prompted the discovery of drugs that reduce antibiotic resistance or new drugs that are an alternative to antibiotics. Plant extracts have health benefits and may also exhibit antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against pathogens. This study determined the antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of alpha-humulene extracted from plants against enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, which causes inflammatory bowel disease. The minimum inhibitory concentration and biofilm inhibitory concentration of alpha-humulene for B. fragilis were 2 mu g/mL, and the biofilm eradication concentration was in the range of 8-32 mu g/mL. The XTT reduction assay confirmed that the cellular metabolic activity in biofilm rarely occurred at the concentration of 8-16 mu g/mL. In addition, biofilm inhibition by alpha-humulene was also detected via confocal laser scanning microcopy. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was also used to investigate the effect of alpha-humulene on the expression of resistance-nodulation-cell division type multidrug efflux pump genes (bmeB1 and bmeB3). According to the results of qPCR, alpha-humulene significantly reduced the expression of bmeB1 and bmeB3 genes. This study demonstrates the potential therapeutic application of alpha-humulene for inhibiting the growth of B. fragilis cells and biofilms, and it expands the knowledge about biofilm medicine.
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