Journal
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
Volume 168, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.106539
Keywords
Psychoacoustics; Environmental noise; Perception; Rating level; Impulsive sound; Annoyance
Funding
- Business Finland (Tekes) [828/31/2015]
- Turku University of Applied Sciences
- Ministry of the Environment
- Ministry of the Social Affairs and Health
- Infra Assoc.
- Finnish Wind Power Assoc.
- Environment Pool c/o Adato Energy Ltd.
- TuuliWatti Ltd.
- APL Systems Ltd.
- Kone plc
- Nokian Tyres plc
- Wartsila Finland Ltd.
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Impulsive sound can be perceived more annoying than a steady-state sound having the same A-weighted equivalent sound pressure level, LAeq. The difference in perceived noise annoyance can be compensated by adding a penalty or an adjustment k to LAeq (rating level). Many legislations apply a constant penalty value, such as 5 dB or more, but the validity of this procedure has been questioned. Nordtest method NT ACOU 112 identifies an impulse from the time profile of sound pressure level by using two measures describing the onset of an impulse: level difference (DL) and onset rate (Ron). The purpose of this study was to determine how the annoyance penalty depends on DL (5-40 dB) and Ron (5-800 dB/s) and to compare obtained results to the penalty prediction model of Nordtest method. A psychoacoustic laboratory experiment of 32 participants was conducted. Synthetic and periodic impulsive sounds were studied with two alternative spectra. The sounds were presented at 55 dB LAeq. Steady-state sounds at levels 49-70 dB were used to derive the penalty of impulsive sounds. The observed penalty values ranged between 0 and thorn 8 dB. The penalty values depended somewhat on spectrum. The penalty deviated from zero when DL > 10 dB or Ron > 15 dB/s and increased with increasing DL and Ron. The penalty predicted by Nordtest method usually overestimated the observed penalty when Ron. 200 dB/s. The results are against constant penalty values and they can be used to develop future penalty schemes.
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