Journal
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
Volume 83, Issue -, Pages 22-32Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.10.014
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease; Chlamydia pneumoniae; Chlamydia muridarum; Infection; Brain; Immune response; Inflammation; Risk factor; Prevention; Treatment
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Funding
- Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship
- Philanthropic Grant from Hunter Medical Research Institute, Australia on behalf of Kiriwina Investment Company Pty Ltd [G1700055]
- Brawn Fellowship from the University of Newcastle, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Australia [G1500589]
- National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia [1079187, 1175134]
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Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia, was first formally described in 1907 yet its etiology has remained elusive. Recent proposals that A beta peptide may be part of the brain immune response have revived longstanding contention about the possibility of causal relationships between brain pathogens and Alzheimer's disease. Research has focused on infectious pathogens that may colonize the brain such as herpes simplex type I. Some researchers have proposed the respiratory bacteria Chlamydia pnewnoniae may also be implicated in Alzheimer's disease, however this remains controversial. This review aims to provide a balanced overview of the current evidence and its limitations and future approaches that may resolve controversies. We discuss the evidence from in vitro, animal and human studies proposed to implicate Chlamydia pneumoniae in Alzheimer's disease and other neurological conditions, the potential mechanisms by which the bacterium may contribute to pathogenesis and limitations of previous studies that may explain the inconsistencies in the literature.
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