Journal
BEST PRACTICE & RESEARCH CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY
Volume 44-45, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2020.101671
Keywords
Pregnancy; Tolerance; Th subsets; Infection; Vaginal microbiome; Intestinal microbiome; Gestational diabetes mellitus; Inflammatory bowel disease
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Hormonal changes during pregnancy instigate numerous physiological changes aimed at the growth and delivery of a healthy baby. A careful balance between immunological tolerance against fetal antigens and immunity against infectious agents needs to be maintained. A three-way interaction between pregnancy hormones, the immune system and our microbiota is now emerging. Recent evidence suggests that microbial alterations seen during pregnancy may help maintain homeostasis and aid the required physiological changes occurring in pregnancy. However, these same immunological and microbial alterations may also make women more vulnerable during pregnancy and the post-partum period, especially regarding immunological and infectious diseases. Thus, a further understanding of the host-microbial interactions taking place during pregnancy may improve identification of populations at risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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