Journal
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
Volume 636, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
EDP SCIENCES S A
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201937153
Keywords
planets and satellites; atmospheres; planets and satellites; composition; planets and satellites; gaseous planets
Categories
Funding
- Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/R000395/1]
- Leverhulme Trust
- Heising-Simons Foundation
- CNRS/INSU Programme National de Planetologie (PNP)
- Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES)
- European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme [758892]
- European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant [617119]
- European Union's Horizon 2020 COMPET programme [776403]
- Science and Technology Funding Council (STFC) [ST/K502406/1, ST/P000282/1, ST/P002153/1, ST/S002634/1]
- Met Office Academic Partnership secondment
- European Research Council [ATMO 757 858]
- BEIS capital funding via STFC capital grants [ST/K000373/1, ST/R002363/1]
- STFC DiRAC Operations grant [ST/R001014/1]
- NERC [ncas10014] Funding Source: UKRI
- STFC [ST/P000673/1, ST/J005673/1, ST/R001049/1, ST/M007618/1, ST/T00049X/1, ST/V002635/1, ST/R000832/1, ST/K00333X/1, ST/R00689X/1, ST/T001372/1, ST/M007065/1, ST/M007006/1, ST/S003762/1, ST/R001006/1, ST/S003916/1, ST/M007073/1, ST/M006948/1, ST/V002376/1, ST/V002384/1, ST/P003400/1, ST/R001014/1, ST/T001569/1, ST/T001348/1, ST/L000636/1, ST/T001550/1, ST/M006530/1, ST/P002447/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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We present results from a set of simulations using a fully coupled three-dimensional (3D) chemistry-radiation-hydrodynamics model and investigate the effect of transport of chemical species by the large-scale atmospheric flow in hot Jupiter atmospheres. We coupled a flexible chemical kinetics scheme to the Met Office Unified Model, which enables the study of the interaction of chemistry, radiative transfer, and fluid dynamics. We used a newly-released reduced chemical network, comprising 30 chemical species, that was specifically developed for its application in 3D atmosphere models. We simulated the atmospheres of the well-studied hot Jupiters HD 209458b and HD 189733b which both have dayside-nightside temperature contrasts of several hundred Kelvin and superrotating equatorial jets. We find qualitatively quite different chemical structures between the two planets, particularly for methane (CH4), when advection of chemical species is included. Our results show that consideration of 3D chemical transport is vital in understanding the chemical composition of hot Jupiter atmospheres. Three-dimensional mixing leads to significant changes in the abundances of absorbing gas-phase species compared with what would be expected by assuming local chemical equilibrium, or from models including 1D - and even 2D - chemical mixing. We find that CH4, carbon dioxide (CO2), and ammonia (NH3) are particularly interesting as 3D mixing of these species leads to prominent signatures of out-of-equilibrium chemistry in the transmission and emission spectra, which are detectable with near-future instruments.
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