Nanotechnology in the arena of cancer immunotherapy

Cancer immunotherapy orchestrates the immune system of the human body to fight against cancer cells. By doing this, it has revolutionized cancer treatment. Toxicities arising from dose-limit and low rates of patient response continue to be the major bottlenecks in clinical outcomes. The immune system has a close relationship with tumor. This leads to the combination of nanotechnology and immunotherapy. Nanotechnology can potentiate the efficacy of immunotherapy by enhancing the delivery and retention, and narrowing the toxicity of immunomodulation. In this regard, immunotherapy can combine with nanomedicine to give strategies that could lessen the side effects and improve clinical outcomes in patient populations. In this review, we explore and recapitulate recent advances in nanoparticle-based cancer immunotherapy.