Clays and carbon nanotubes as hybrid nanofillers in thermoplastic-based nanocomposites - A review

Components such sensors, aerospace, heat exchanger, armour, storage, automobile and other electronics devices are continuously subjected to fluctuating thermal and mechanical stresses which consequently affect their performance, reliability and lifespan. Aerospace industry, for instance, is also in constant quest for weight reduction to attain fuel efficiency in terms of cost. It is because of these factors that engineering polymers are gaining research prominence in heat management systems, where simultaneous high strength and thermal property with significant low weight are crucial. Meanwhile, montmorillonite and carbon nanotubes are mostly used as reinforcing particles to improve physico-chemical, mechanical and thermal properties of thermoplastic matrices. This review discusses the thermoplastics-based nanocomposites reinforced with the hybrid of montmorillonite and carbon nanotubes, for high-performance applications. Influence of the nanoclay on carbon nanotube dispersion and vice versa were revealed and discussed, while used duo as hybrid in thermoplastic matrices. Consequent interaction of the hybrid nanoparticles within the host matrix influences the bulk properties of nanocomposite: Rheology, morphology, thermal stability, flame retardancy, electrical, mechanical as well as tribology. The hybrid nanofillers synergy favours efficient dispersion without destroying nanoparticles structures, leading to optimized percolation threshold and better properties of the ternary nanocomposites. Prominently, the dependency of bulk properties on nanocomposite morphological characteristics is recognised.