Journal
ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING
Volume 31, Issue 18, Pages 1371-1410Publisher
MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC
DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7678
Keywords
exercise; skeletal muscle; glucose metabolism; insulin resistance; atrophy
Funding
- Chilean National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICYT)
- Danish Diabetes Academy - Novo Nordisk Foundation [NNF17SA0031406]
- Novo Nordisk Foundation [15182, 9039-00029B]
- CONICYT (FONDECYT) [1161646]
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy [P09-016-F]
- Programa de Cooperacion Cientifica ECOS-CONICYT [C16S02]
- BASAL Grant CEDENNA [FB0807]
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Recent Advances: Pharmacological and molecular biological tools, including redox-sensitive probes and transgenic mouse models, have generated novel insights into compartmentalized redox signaling and suggested that NOX2 contributes to redox control of skeletal muscle metabolism. Critical Issues: Major outstanding questions in skeletal muscle include where NOX2 activation occurs under different conditions in health and disease, how NOX2 activation is regulated, how superoxide/hydrogen peroxide generated by NOX2 reaches the cytosol, what the signaling mediators are downstream of NOX2, and the role of NOX2 for different physiological and pathophysiological processes. Future Directions: Future research should utilize and expand the current redox-signaling toolbox to clarify the NOX2-dependent mechanisms in skeletal muscle and determine whether the proposed functions of NOX2 in cells and animal models are conserved into humans.
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