A Hands-On Organ-Slicing Activity to Teach the Cross-Sectional Anatomy

The presentation of pre-sliced specimens is a frequently used method in the laboratory teaching of cross-sectional anatomy. In the present study, a new teaching method based on a hands-on slicing activity was introduced into the teaching of brain, heart, and liver cross-sectional anatomy. A randomized, controlled trial was performed. A total of 182 third-year medical students were randomized into a control group taught with the prosection mode (pre-sliced organ viewing) and an experimental group taught with the dissection mode (hands-on organ slicing). These teaching methods were assessed by testing the students' knowledge of cross-sectional specimens and cross-sectional radiological images, and analyzing students' feedback. Using a specimen test on three organs (brain, heart, and liver), significant differences were observed in the mean scores of the control and experimental groups: for brain 59.6% (+/- 14.2) vs. 70.1% (+/- 15.5), (P < 0.001, Cohen'sd = 0.17); for heart: 57.6% (+/- 12.5) vs. 75.6% (+/- 15.3), (P < 0.001,d = 0.30); and for liver: 60.4% (+/- 14.5) vs. 81.7% (+/- 14.2), (P < 0.001,d = 0.46). In a cross-sectional radiological image test, better performance was also found in the experimental group (P < 0.001). The mean scores of the control vs. experimental groups were as follows: for brain imaging 63.9% (+/- 15.1) vs. 71.1% (+/- 16.1); for heart imaging 64.7% (+/- 14.5) vs. 75.2% (+/- 15.5); and for liver imaging 61.1% (+/- 15.5) vs. 81.2% (+/- 14.6), respectively. The effect sizes (Cohen'sd) were 0.05, 0.23, and 0.52, respectively. Students in the lower tertile benefited the most from the slicing experiences. Students' feedback was generally positive. Hands-on slicing activity can increase the effectiveness of anatomy teaching and increase students' ability to interpret radiological images.