Journal
ALLERGY
Volume 75, Issue 6, Pages 1316-1326Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/all.14116
Keywords
desensitization; food allergy; IgE; immunotherapy; sustained unresponsiveness
Categories
Funding
- Trip Advisor Foundation
- Food Allergy Research & Education (FARE)
- End Allergies Together (EAT)
- Myra Reinhard Foundation
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University
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Food allergies have become a significant heath burden as prevalence continues to rise, affecting 6%-13% of the global population. In the absence of drugs approved by regulatory agencies, the current standard of care remains avoidance of allergenic foods and management of acute allergic reactions with antihistamines and epinephrine autoinjectors. Allergen immunotherapy has been shown to increase the threshold of reactivity in the majority of food-allergic individuals. However, challenges include long treatment periods, high rates of adverse reactions, and lack of permanence of desensitization and established protocols. To address these limitations, adjunctive allergen-specific immunotherapy, vaccines, and non-allergen-specific therapies (eg, monoclonal antibodies) are being explored. The future of food allergy treatment is promising with a number of clinical trials in progress. Currently, although desensitization can be achieved for the majority of individuals with food allergy through immunotherapy, continued ingestion of allergen is needed for most individuals to maintain desensitization. Further understanding of the mechanisms of food allergy and identification of biomarkers to distinguish between temporary and permanent resolution of allergies is needed before a cure, where reactivity to the allergen is permanently lost enabling the individual to consume the allergen in any amount at any time, can be envisioned.
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