Journal
ADVANCED MATERIALS
Volume 32, Issue 7, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905795
Keywords
armchair orientation; black phosphorus; multilayers; piezoelectricity; piezotronic effect
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Funding
- National Key RAMP
- D project from Minister of Science and Technology, China [2016YFA0202703]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [61805015, 51622205, 61675027, 51432005, 61505010, 51502018]
- Beijing City Committee of Science and Technology [Z171100002017019, Z181100004418004]
- Beijing Natural Science Foundation [4181004, 4182080, 4184110, 2184131]
- Thousand Talents program of China for pioneering researchers and innovative teams
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Recently, piezoelectric characteristics have been a research focus for 2D materials because of their broad potential applications. Black phosphorus (BP) is a monoelemental 2D material predicted to be piezoelectric because of its highly directional properties and non-centrosymmetric lattice structure. However, piezoelectricity is hardly reported in monoelemental materials owing to their lack of ionic polarization, but piezoelectric generation is consistent with the non-centrosymmetric structure of BP. Theoretical calculations of phosphorene have explained the origin of piezoelectric polarization among P atoms. However, the disappearance of piezoelectricity in multilayer 2D material generally arises from the opposite orientations of adjacent atomic layers, whereas this effect is limited in BP lattices due to their spring-shaped space structure. Here, the existence of in-plane piezoelectricity is experimentally reported for multilayer BP along the armchair direction. Current-voltage measurements demonstrate a piezotronic effect in this orientation, and cyclic compression and release of BP flakes show an intrinsic current output as large as 4 pA under a compressive strain of -0.72%. The discovery of piezoelectricity in multilayer BP can lead to further understanding of this mechanism in monoelemental materials.
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