Journal
ADVANCED MATERIALS
Volume 32, Issue 9, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903862
Keywords
biological metamaterials; high-aspect-ratio nanostructures; nanoneedles; nanopillars; nanowires
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Funding
- ERC Seventh Framework Programme Consolidator Grant 'Naturale CG' [616417]
- Wellcome Trust Senior Investigator Award [098411/Z/12/Z]
- Rosetrees Trust
- Stoneygate Trust
- EPSRC CDT for the Advanced Characterization of Materials [EP/L015277/1]
- Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education [2017R1A6A3A03007397]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2017R1A6A3A03007397] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
- Wellcome Trust [098411/Z/12/Z] Funding Source: Wellcome Trust
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Materials patterned with high-aspect-ratio nanostructures have features on similar length scales to cellular components. These surfaces are an extreme topography on the cellular level and have become useful tools for perturbing and sensing the cellular environment. Motivation comes from the ability of high-aspect-ratio nanostructures to deliver cargoes into cells and tissues, access the intracellular environment, and control cell behavior. These structures directly perturb cells' ability to sense and respond to external forces, influencing cell fate, and enabling new mechanistic studies. Through careful design of their nanoscale structure, these systems act as biological metamaterials, eliciting unusual biological responses. While predominantly used to interface eukaryotic cells, there is growing interest in nonanimal and prokaryotic cell interfacing. Both experimental and theoretical studies have attempted to develop a mechanistic understanding for the observed behaviors, predominantly focusing on the cell-nanostructure interface. This review considers how high-aspect-ratio nanostructured surfaces are used to both stimulate and sense biological systems.
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