4.8 Article

Rapid Assembly of Small Materials Building Blocks (Voxels) into Large Functional 3D Metamaterials

Journal

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
Volume 30, Issue 26, Pages -

Publisher

WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201907795

Keywords

3D additive manufacturing; 3D printing; diffractive optical elements; metamaterials; two-photon lithography

Funding

  1. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy via the Excellence Cluster 3D Matter Made to Order [EXC-2082/1-390761711]
  2. Carl Zeiss Foundation through the Carl-Zeiss-Focus@HEiKA
  3. Helmholtz program Science and Technology of Nanosystems (STN)
  4. KIT project Virtual Materials Design (VIRTMAT)
  5. Karlsruhe School of Optics & Photonics (KSOP)
  6. Max Planck School of Photonics (MPSP)
  7. KIT Nanostructure Service Laboratory (NSL)
  8. Australian Research Council (ARC)
  9. Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
  10. KIT-Publication Fund of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

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Herein, various 3D additive manufacturing approaches are reviewed in terms of two important figures of merit: maximum voxel printing rate and minimum voxel size. Voxel sizes from several 100 mu m down to the 100 nm scale are covered. Original results on multifocus two-photon printing at around voxel printing rates of 10(7) voxels s(-1) are presented in this context, which significantly surpass previous best values. These advances are illustrated by and applied to the making of microstructured 3D (chiral) mechanical metamaterials that are composed of more than one-hundred-thousand unit cells in three dimensions. Previous best values for unit cells of similar complexity are smaller by two orders of magnitude.

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